REAL-TIME PCR

Medical and Diagnostic Applications
Infection Diagnosis: RT-PCR is a primary tool for detecting viral infections, such as COVID-19, influenza, HIV, and Hepatitis C, by identifying the viral RNA in patient samples. Cancer Monitoring: It helps track cancer progression and treatment response by measuring changes in gene expression levels in tumors. Genetic Disorder Screening: The technique can detect specific genetic mutations associated with certain inherited conditions, such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Biological Research Applications
Gene Expression Profiling: RT-PCR allows for the precise quantification of gene expression levels to study gene function and cellular processes. RNA Interference (RNAi) Validation: Researchers use it to confirm that target genes have been effectively "knocked down" in RNAi experiments. Cloning and DNA Manipulation: The process generates complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA, which can then be cloned and used in further molecular biology studies.

Food Safety and Environmental Monitoring
Pathogen Detection: In food and environmental testing, RT-PCR rapidly detects bacterial and viral pathogens like Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli in food, water, and soil samples. GMO Detection: It is used to identify the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products. Ingredient Authentication: RT-PCR can also confirm the presence or absence of specific ingredients, such as pork in halal or kosher foods.